{"id":9602,"date":"2021-04-28T14:31:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T12:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/?page_id=9602"},"modified":"2022-05-03T08:06:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T06:06:39","slug":"les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/","title":{"rendered":"Les effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=\u00a0\u00bbstretch_row\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bbcontent-moving-fade\u00a0\u00bb parallax_image=\u00a0\u00bb2959″ css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1619613066752{background: rgba(196,196,196,0.71) url(https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/AdobeStock_282840683-scaled.jpeg?id=9642);background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(196,196,196) !important;}\u00a0\u00bb el_class=\u00a0\u00bbheader\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbtxt-white\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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Climat<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n

Les effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne <\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Les effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne <\/strong><\/p>\n

Le changement climatique bouleverse les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et dans notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mondialis\u00e9e, ce sont ceux qui en sont le moins responsables qui en subissent le plus les cons\u00e9quences (Frank et Buckley\u00a02012\u00a0: 6)\u00a0: les populations du Sud pratiquant l\u2019agriculture paysanne souffrent de ces nouvelles conditions sources de s\u00e9cheresses, d\u2019inondations, de m\u00fbrissement pr\u00e9coce ou retard\u00e9, de mauvaises r\u00e9coltes ainsi que de l\u2019apparition de nouveaux parasites, mauvaises herbes et maladies. C\u2019est souvent l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019un pays qui en souffre, puisque la petite paysannerie en constitue une part essentielle. En Afrique par exemple, 60\u00a0% des emplois et des recettes d\u2019exportation proviennent de l\u2019agriculture (Borsky et Spata\u00a02016\u00a0: 3).<\/p>\n

Les parasites qui prolif\u00e8rent en raison du changement climatique s\u2019attaquent aux plantes et r\u00e9duisent \u00e0 n\u00e9ant des r\u00e9coltes enti\u00e8res, dans les plantations de caf\u00e9 notamment, de sorte que les revenus des paysan\u00b7ne\u00b7s diminuent fortement (yocafe.ch<\/a> et Max Havelaar<\/a>). Ces parasites mettent en p\u00e9ril non seulement la production destin\u00e9e \u00e0 la vente, mais aussi les cultures vivri\u00e8res (yocafe.ch<\/a> et Max Havelaar<\/a>). Le riz par exemple, qui est l\u2019un des principaux aliments au B\u00e9nin (en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest), tend \u00e0 y devenir une denr\u00e9e rare en raison des mauvaises r\u00e9coltes dues aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames (Br\u00fccke\u2013Le Pont<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Le mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la crise climatique se caract\u00e9rise par un fort d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre des forces en pr\u00e9sence. Ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre cr\u00e9e des relations de d\u00e9pendance qui rendent l\u2019agriculture paysanne extr\u00eamement vuln\u00e9rable aux effets du changement climatique. Ces paysan\u00b7ne\u00b7s n\u2019ayant souvent que tr\u00e8s peu de moyens financiers, ils peinent \u00e0 faire face aux nouvelles conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques. Si le monde paysan a toujours su s\u2019adapter \u00e0 certains changements, les strat\u00e9gies utilis\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 maintenant ne font pas le poids face \u00e0 l\u2019ampleur des bouleversements actuels (Frank et Buckley\u00a02012\u00a0: 6).<\/p>\n

Ces cons\u00e9quences sont d\u2019autant plus injustes que les m\u00e9thodes de l\u2019agriculture paysanne contribuent \u00e0 lutter contre le changement climatique, puisqu\u2019elles pr\u00e9servent les ressources naturelles et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent bien moins d\u2019\u00e9missions polluantes que les cultures industrielles \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, le manque de perspectives d\u00fb aux mauvaises r\u00e9coltes pousse les paysan\u00b7ne\u00b7s \u00e0 quitter les zones rurales pour aller gagner leur vie en ville, et ce n\u2019est pas rare que ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u00e9pare des familles (Action de Car\u00eame<\/a>).<\/p>\n

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Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jessica Frank et Chris Penrose Buckley 2012<\/a>: Small-Scale Farmers and Climate Change. How can Farmer Organisations and Fairtrade build the Adaptive Capacity of Smallholders? Sustainable Markets.
\nStefan Borsky et Martina Spata 2016<\/a>: The Impact of Fair Trade on the Adaptive capacity of Artisans and Smallholder Farmers.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb50px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

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Autres sujets<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Les effets du changement climatique frappent le plus durement ceux qui en sont le moins responsables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9642,"parent":4799,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"hauptseiten-kategorie":[358],"class_list":{"0":"post-9602","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hauptseiten-kategorie-climat"},"yoast_head":"\nLes effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne - Swiss Fair Trade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne - Swiss Fair Trade\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les effets du changement climatique frappent le plus durement ceux qui en sont le moins responsables.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Swiss Fair Trade\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-03T06:06:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/AdobeStock_282840683-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1709\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/\",\"name\":\"Les effets d\u00e9vastateurs du changement climatique sur l\u2019agriculture paysanne - Swiss Fair Trade\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/it\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/AdobeStock_282840683-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-28T12:31:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-03T06:06:39+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/fr\/champs-d-actions\/centre-de-competences-3\/climat\/les-effets-devastateurs-du-changement-climatique-sur-lagriculture-paysanne\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/AdobeStock_282840683-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.swissfairtrade.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/AdobeStock_282840683-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1709,\"caption\":\"Desperate Farmer working on dry ground with hoe. 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